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There'll be a lot of updating going on throughout the summer in time for September 2015!
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coming soon
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There'll be a lot of updating going on throughout the summer in time for September 2015!
People in History: A farm labourer in industrial England
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| Farm labourers in 19th century England. |
You started studying the history of farming in First Year with the Neolithic people. You saw farming in Britain and Ireland develop in the Middle Ages, with crop rotation and the open field system. Now, with the Agricultural Revolution in the 19th Century, you'll see how farming changed from that to the way we know it now.
Enclosure meant that farms were no longer owned by the community, but by individuals. A new system of crop rotation was developed to speed up the production of crops. Selective breeding was introduced to improve livestock.
The farm labourer in the Agricultural Revolution is an occasional People in History question which seems to appear every few years.
- Introduce yourself. You are a farm labourer in, say, Wessex. You can say that your ancestors and your landlord's ancestors have lived here since the Middle Ages.
- Talk about the changes happening to farming. What do they mean for farmers across Britain?
- Mention Norfolk crop rotation and compare it to the system you had before. Who invented it? Why is it better? Where does the extra food go?
- Once you've answered that last question (the answer is 'to the animals'), talk about the animals. Selective breeding is another new development. Who came up with it? What changes is it making?
- Talk about how farms themselves are changing through enclosure. What did the government do to make it happen? Was your landlord happy or not? What happens to poorer farmers?
- Your work is being made easier by inventions. (seed drill, reaper, etc.) Talk about them and what they do. How do they make your work easier?
- What effects is the Agricultural Revolution having on Britain? There's more food, so the population is growing. What does this mean for farms and cities?What else is happening in cities? Have you already noticed more people moving to work in factories? This is a good way to end the answer.
So, in short...
- Introduce yourself.
- Mention that changes are happening to farming:
- Norfolk Crop Rotation
- Selective Breeding
- Enclosure
- Inventions
- The effects of the Agricultural Revolution.
Don't...
- talk in third-person. This is a first person answer. (e.g. I am, I will...)
- name a term (e.g. crop rotation or seed drill) and not explain what it means. You will lose marks if you don't.
- talk about anything irrelevant (e.g. the weather). You will get no marks for irrelevant information.
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Picture of the Week:
An illuminated page from the Book of Kells depicting Christ enthroned.
The Leaving Cert section remains a work in progress. Adding to the site takes time and planning and preparing for my own classes does have to take priority. But I'm hoping to have Irish topics up in time for the Pre-Leaving Cert exams.
At the moment, these Leaving Cert topics are online:
- Dictatorship and Democracy in Europe, 1920 - 1945 (Document Question for 2016 and 2017)
- The United States and the World, 1945 - 1989
I'm working on the following:
- The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition, 1912 - 1949 (2015 Document Question)
- Government, Economy and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949 - 1989
- Exam Guide for Leaving Cert History
Keep watching for updates!
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coming soon
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That's okay! Let's take a moment.
We all get stressed out sometimes. There's nothing wrong with that at all. Exam years in particular can be very tough, but so can any other year in school. Studying and putting the work in can be draining - I know, I've been there. I still am in a sense! So, if you're feeling that drain right now, stop and take a few moments to relax.
Do something nice for yourself.
Listen to some music. Read a (non-school-related) book. Draw a picture. Go for a walk. Do whatever it is that you like to do, and unwind. Whatever way your study is arranged, make sure you have breaks roughly every 40 minutes. Your brain will thank you for it! Make sure to put the kettle on and get yourself something nice to eat too.
Remember who you're doing this for.
You're doing this for yourself. Whether it's the Junior Cert or the Leaving Cert, you're taking this step by yourself, for yourself, on to the future. Try not to worry about expectations, just focus on what you want to achieve for yourself.
Do the very best that you can.
That's all any of us can do. We can't all be good at everything (I was awful at Maths) but we can try our best at everything. Not doing well at something doesn't mean we're no good (I'm still awful at Maths), it means there's something else there that we're brilliant at. No matter what that thing is, we all find it at some point. But no matter what it is that you're doing, whether it's History or Maths or English or Biology, just try your best. We only fail when we don't try.
Talk.
If you're feeling the pressure, tell people about it. Your friends in school might be feeling the exact same thing. Your family can help you to relax at home. Your teachers can help you with your study. No matter what the problem is, whether it's related to exams and study or something else, it's always better to share it with people who you know you can trust. We all find ourselves with problems we need to share at some point.
Hopefully, you've taken some time to relax now, you have a nice warm cup of tea next to you, and you're ready to go back to the books and notes. If not, take a little while longer. Just remember: Do something nice for yourself, remember who you're doing this for, do the very best that you can, and if you need to, talk.
(I ended up with a B1 in Ordinary Level Maths. Never would have dreamed it could happen!)
Take care of yourself.
The Samaritans are available to talk if you're feeling down. You don't have to be suicidal to contact them, they'll talk to you about any problems that might be causing you to feel anxious or sad, from exam pressure to relationship problems and anything else.
You can call them free and anonymously at 116 123 (from the Republic of Ireland).
You can visit their website and find out where your nearest Samaritans branch is located.
You can email them (anonymously) at jo@samaritans.org
The Turnover Project is a mini-company set up by Transition Year students from Donegal, designed to inform young people about their mental health and to point them to other resources.
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The Leaving Cert section remains a work in progress. Adding to the site takes time and planning and preparing for my own classes does have to take priority. But I'm hoping to have Irish topics up in time for the Pre-Leaving Cert exams.
At the moment, these Leaving Cert topics are online:
- Dictatorship and Democracy in Europe, 1920 - 1945 (Document Question for 2016 and 2017)
- The United States and the World, 1945 - 1989
I'm working on the following:
- The Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition, 1912 - 1949 (2015 Document Question)
- Government, Economy and Society in the Republic of Ireland, 1949 - 1989
- Exam Guide for Leaving Cert History
Keep watching for updates!
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coming soon
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Welcome! This site is designed to help you with your study of Junior Cert and Leaving Cert History. To the left, you'll see links for each year. Click on your year and you will find a list of all the topics you will study. Each topic page has information, tips and links to pictures, games and other useful websites.
About History Help
How do I use History Help?
SITE UPDATE: Finally, The United States and the World, the Leaving Cert US history topic, is online! It and Dictatorship and Democracy in Europe are the only complete Leaving Cert topics I have up so far. I'm working on the other Leaving Cert topics at the moment, hope to have Pursuit of Sovereignty and the Impact of Partition up very soon.
The prescribed topic for the 2016 and 2017 Leaving Cert exams will be Dictatorship and Democracy.
I wrote a piece for TheJournal.ie about learning History, read it here:
Opinion: What's the point in learning about history?
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in development
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coming soon
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The United States and the World, 1945 - 1989
Main Page: Leaving Cert History - Modern Europe and the Wider World
You are on the United States and the World, 1945 - 1989 page.
Each part of this topic has its own sub-page.
The United States and the World brings you across the Atlantic Ocean to examine American history from the end of World War II to the last years of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union.
If you study this topic for your Leaving Cert, you'll look at US history in these years through a number of layers: first through it's Foreign Policy, meaning how the US relates to other countries in the world. When studying US foreign policy you'll be looking in particular at the Vietnam War, as well as other flashpoints of the Cold War and the United States' relations with the Soviets. You'll also look at domestic factors on foreign policy - in other words, how events in the US shaped its policies outside.
Next, you'll look at the US economy, which went from a post-war boom in the 1940s and 50s to a recession in the 1970s and 80s. You'll look at what different Presidents did to try to encourage economic growth, and whether these attempts were successful or not.
Then you'll look at American society, and how it transformed over the four decades in the course. A society that started out supporting its troops overseas and hunting down suspected communists ended up fracturing, with people expressing the belief that the US should never have become involved in Vietnam, and plenty of different protest movements rising. Specifically, you'll examine the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 60s, and the impact of people such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King on American history. You'll also look at American pop culture in this time, with an emphasis on Hollywood, the mass media, and the role of religion in American society.
Finally, you'll look at how the US developed its military technology, how it managed to land men on the Moon in 1969, and how Information Technology was advanced by companies such as Microsoft and Apple.
It was a busy time for America. Find out more about it through this page!
Politics
Foreign Policy.
Economy
Society and Culture
Science and Technology
Case Studies:
Key Concepts (Ordinary Level students should focus on these)
In their study of the topic, students should become aware of the role of certain key personalities.
Another "key" to developing understanding will be learning to identify the main issues through a familiarity with certain key concepts.
You are on the United States and the World, 1945 - 1989 page.
Each part of this topic has its own sub-page.
The United States and the World brings you across the Atlantic Ocean to examine American history from the end of World War II to the last years of the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union.
If you study this topic for your Leaving Cert, you'll look at US history in these years through a number of layers: first through it's Foreign Policy, meaning how the US relates to other countries in the world. When studying US foreign policy you'll be looking in particular at the Vietnam War, as well as other flashpoints of the Cold War and the United States' relations with the Soviets. You'll also look at domestic factors on foreign policy - in other words, how events in the US shaped its policies outside.
Next, you'll look at the US economy, which went from a post-war boom in the 1940s and 50s to a recession in the 1970s and 80s. You'll look at what different Presidents did to try to encourage economic growth, and whether these attempts were successful or not.
Then you'll look at American society, and how it transformed over the four decades in the course. A society that started out supporting its troops overseas and hunting down suspected communists ended up fracturing, with people expressing the belief that the US should never have become involved in Vietnam, and plenty of different protest movements rising. Specifically, you'll examine the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 60s, and the impact of people such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King on American history. You'll also look at American pop culture in this time, with an emphasis on Hollywood, the mass media, and the role of religion in American society.
Finally, you'll look at how the US developed its military technology, how it managed to land men on the Moon in 1969, and how Information Technology was advanced by companies such as Microsoft and Apple.
It was a busy time for America. Find out more about it through this page!
Politics
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Foreign Policy.
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Society and Culture
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Case Studies:
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Key Personalities (Ordinary Level students should focus on these)
The United States and the World in the
Leaving Cert Curriculum
The
Leaving Cert curriculum requires students to study each topic through
three perspectives: Politics & Administration, Society & Economy
and Culture, Religion & Science.
The
table below is copied directly from the curriculum, and shows how those
three perspectives are shown in The United States and the World. Each part
links to the relevant page (e.g. Decline of Cold War certainties, 1973-89 links to US Foreign Policy, 1972-89).
In their study of the topic, students should become aware of the role of certain key personalities.
Another "key" to developing understanding will be learning to identify the main issues through a familiarity with certain key concepts.
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